Send in the Drones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Send in the Drones - Essay Example A glance at the inclusion of the Lamont Lieberman senate race in Connecticut will affirm that pack reporting is fit as a fiddle and significantly increasingly drained of any innovativeness, knowledge, descriptive words, or disgrace. Both Reuters and The Associated Press ran a few stories in the hours after the political decision. The narratives resounded indistinguishable descriptive words and situations from they discussed the annoyance, hostile to war estimation, and Lieberman's closeness with Bush. The wire administrations had in reality stood up that the vote in the Democratic essential in the place where there is consistent propensities was a choice on the President. The significant papers in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago resounded this story. However, as announced by Murray on August 9, 2006 in The Washington Post there were different issues on the psyches of Connecticut voters, for example, worker's sans organizations exchange, and ladies' privileges. The horde attitude had deserted these issues on the grounds that the story that had the legs was the story on the war. In some cases you can see the horde move by simply taking a gander at the sheer volume of inclusion on an occasion. By the main seven day stretch of August 2006 the significant media sources had the country bolted on the Democratic essential and concentrated on the race among Lieberman and Lamont. The Associated Press was siphoning out 10 stories daily covering the race and the significant dailies were going with the same pattern. The NY Times was contributing around 4 every day and the Washington Post was including another 2 (LexisNexis). By the main seven day stretch of October 2006 the AP had dropped to under 10 stories for the whole week. That week, the Washington Post didn't cover the non-occasion. The most recent seven day stretch of October 2006, with the political decision moving close, had again observed an unobtrusive increment in inclusion by both the AP and the New York Times (LexisNexis). By the start of September the updates on Lieberman and Lamont was at that point getting scant. It was frequently difficult to find the wellspring of the story, yet it was surely getting incestual. Comparative stories from Chicago and New York demonstrate that the news was being drawn from a typical pool. The New York Times drove a story on September 2, 2006 with, An autonomous gathering, Vets for Freedom, will start supporting TV ads [...] expressing gratitude toward him (Lieberman) for his help of the war in Iraq (Medina, 5). On September 6, 2006 the Chicago Sun Times transferred a similar story that opened with, Vets for Freedom, an autonomous gathering [...] will air an advertisement in Connecticut [...] thank the occupant for support the contention (Miga). Clearly the two papers were drinking from a similar well. A September 9, 2006 AP story starts, [...] Ned Lamont, who as of late reprimanded Sen. Joe Lieberman for his open reprimanding of President Clinton over the Monica Lewinsky issue, commended the congressperson at the ideal opportunity for his expert articulation and good power (Reitz). The New York Times of a similar date worded it along these lines, Ned Lamont, who this week chastised Senator Joseph I. Lieberman for his open reprimand of President Clinton during the Monica Lewinsky embarrassment, kept in touch with Mr. Lieberman at the time adulating the expert articulation of his discourse on the Senate floor (Medina, 4). The NY Times assumed full praise for the story with no affirmation for the AP material. The majors had come up short on wire stories and the Times was lost for words, however they hadn't lost their thesaurus. Lamentably, the chain of proof isn't well

Deception in “Twelfth Night” Essay

In William Shakespeare’s comedic play, â€Å"Twelfth Night†, a repetitive subject is double dealing. The characters in the play utilized double dealing for an assortment of purposes. Viola’s utilization of misleading includes her camouflaging herself as a man so as to get work with the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. Then again, Maria, Olivia’s worker, composes a letter to Malvolio in Olivia’s penmanship to make Malvolio act stupidly in light of his affection for Olivia. While some utilization misleading as a methods for endurance, others use trickery to deceive others and make them act stupidly. The main case of duplicity in this play was when Viola chooses to mask herself as a man. Viola scarcely gets away from a wreck alongside her twin sibling Sebastian. Isolated in this horrible fiasco each twin accepts different has passed on in the disaster area. The skipper of the wrecked vessel encourages Viola to proceed to get a new line of work with the Duke Orsino since she has no family or approach to help herself. Viola must mask herself as a man so as to find a new line of work and endure. â€Å"For such mask as haply will become/The type of my plan. I’ll serve this duke. /Thou shalt present me as an eunuch to him. /It might be worth thy torments, for I can sing,/And address him in numerous sorts of music/That will permit me worth his service† (1.2 lines 50-55). Viola, under the name Cesario, gets the activity with Orsino at his home. Viola as Cesario turns into a delegate for Orsino. Viola conveys love letters to Orsino’s love Olivia who wouldn’t acknowledge the letters until Viola carried them to her. Viola later understands that Olivia is infatuated with her as Cesario and furthermore that she herself is enamored with Orsino and that Orsino is still infatuated with Olivia. At a misfortune inside the circumstance, Viola doesn’t realize some solution for the chaos she has made. She has sympathy for Olivia and herself with the announcement â€Å"Poor woman, she were better love a dream† (2.2. 25)! Viola’s utilization of trickery causes a cross sexual orientation love triangle with which she can not bargain. Another case of trickiness is when Maria, Olivia’s hireling composes a letter to Malvolio, Olivia’s head worker and Maria’s colleague. Maria misdirects Malvolio by writing in Olivia’s penmanship. In the letter she says that Olivia cherishes men in yellow stockings. â€Å"Remember who recognized thy yellow stockings, and wished to see thee ever cross-gartered† (2.5. 143-145). Mariaâ knows that Malvolio will follow this ludicrous deed as a result of this adoration for his woman Olivia. Sir Toby Belch says, â€Å"He will think by the letters that thou shrivel drop that they originate from my niece, and that she’s in affection with him† (2.3. 154-156). Maria puts the letter in her nursery where Malvolio will discover it. Thinking Olivia will begin to look all starry eyed at him due to his garments, Malvolio spruce up in yellow stockings and goes to see Olivia. When Olivia sees Malvolio and the manner in which he is acting, she detaches hi m for dread that he is crazy. Shakespeare’s utilization of cross dressing and misdirection stretches out past the genuine works in the plays and goes onto the stage. Ladies were not permitted to perform in front of an audience in Shakespeare’s time. â€Å"†¦all the extraordinary women’s jobs in Elizabethan and Jacobean plays, from Juliet and Lady Macbeth to the duchess of Malfi, were composed to be performed via prepared youthful boys† (Norton 1043). These immature young men were persuading ladies in front of an audience, perhaps in view of their littler form and more shrill manner of speaking. The job of Viola in Twelfth Night was especially troublesome. â€Å"The parody relies on an actor’s capacity to change himself, through ensemble, voice and signal, into a youthful aristocrat, Viola, who changes herself, through outfit, voice and motion, into a youngster, Cesario† (Norton 1043). Shakespeare utilized double dealing all through this composition and some others yet in addition in all actuality through the exhibitions of the plays. Indeed, even from the earliest starting point of time with Adam, Eve and the snake, trickery has been utilized. Everybody has attempted to delude somebody in the course of their life whether it be through a Halloween outfit or to cause yourself to show up better. Duplicity is utilized for an assortment of reasons today similarly as in the play. A few people are compelled to utilize misleading as a need while others discover amusingness and amusement in it. Whatever the intention, duplicity will keep on being a common them in all humankind; one with which we would all be able to recognize.

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Patterns The Trend of the populace development of Nigeria is and will be affected by the Fertility and Birth rates, Mortality or Death rates, and the Demographic Features. The fundamental key to decelerating the pace of populace development would be a sharp decrease in the ripeness rate, which is characterized as the normal number of youngsters a lady will bear in her life time. The National Population Commission expressed that, â€Å"the all out fruitfulness rate(TFR) in Nigeria is 5.7, this implies at current richness levels, the normal Nigerian lady who is toward the start of her childbearing years will bring forth 5.7 youngsters before the finish of her lifetime† (2002). Figure 2/Nigeria's developing Crude Birth Rate. Source: World Development Indicators (WDI), October 2013. Figure 2 is showing the developing birth pace of Nigeria and its rate changes from the year 2001 to the year 2011. The natality rate in populace environment is the logical term for birth rate. The birth rate; rough (per 1000 individuals) in Nigeria was last estimated in 2011 at 41.8. Richness has been moderately high in Nigeria for quite a long while. Feyisetan and Bankole (2007) edified that, â€Å"the fruitfulness blocking impact of contraception can be relied upon to increment as the degrees of contraception use increments. Additionally the cutting edge strategies has expanded since the mid eighties. The effect of premature birth on richness has been documented†. Nonetheless, information on premature birth are exceptionally inadequate in Nigeria in light of the fact that the technique is unlawful. Different components that influence the richness course in Nigeria is training of ladies and female work. The complete fruitfulness rate in Nigeria was 5.5 starting at 2008 to a 5.5 in 2013. Nigeria populace is expanding for the most part because of the consequence of the principal factor... ...efs and rehearses in Nigeria’s culture, for example, early relationships, male youngsters a polygamy-were the fundamental explanation behind Nigeria’s quick populace development. Nigeria is liberated from catastrophic events like hurricanes and is likewise oil-rich, implying that there has been a great deal of relocation from individuals of different nations; overpopulating Nigeria simultaneously. A pattern in the populace development in Nigeria is the richness pace of the normal lady. The normal lady brings forth 5.7 youngsters all things considered. The richness rate assumes a key job in populace development. The eventual fate of populace development could prompt a larger number of buyers than makers in the nation, making it troublesome more the economy to advance with such a large number of mouths to take care of. With everything taken into account, Nigeria can possibly be an amazing economy, regardless of whether it can accomplish that will rely upon the support of the populace later on. â€Æ'

How ADHD Affects Children and Their Future - Free Essay Example

6.4 million American children ages 4-17 have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD Numbers..), more commonly known as ADHD. ADHD is a behavioral medical condition; people diagnosed with this condition have a contrast in brain development and brain activity which affects their attention. ADHD has a significant impact on adults, but an even more extensive impact on children. As adults ADHD affects their time management, work life, and relationships; as children, it takes a toll on their social life, school life, mental health, and their relationships with friends and family. ADHD tends to run in families. Roughly, one-half of parents with this disorder will have a child with the same condition. If a parent has it, a child has more than a 50% chance of having it. If an older sibling has it, a child has more than a 30% chance of having it, says Smitha Bhandari, MD. Although genetics is one of the main causes for ADHD, there are also some other factors. Children born at low weights, or premature are at a higher risk of having ADHD. Head injuries, and intoxication during pregnancies are also factors that can cause ADHD. There are some people who say, ADHD is linked to eating too much sugar or watching too much TV, but these statements are actually myths. Although in some cases this condition is non preventable, ADHD is treatable. In order to be able to treat ADHD, there are some general symptoms and signs to watch for. The main signs for ADHD are moodiness, fidgeting, forgetfulness, and impulsive actions along with about seven others. There needs to be at least six of those signs to be diagnosed with ADHD, according to WebMD. Although, those are the common signs, there are three different branches of ADHD. Inattentive, hyperactivity-impulsive, and a combination of both, Inattentive-hyperactivity. Each of these branches have their own signs and identifications. Inattentive is one of the three types of ADHD. People with this type show increased signs of forgetfulness and lack of interest. They tend to lose items, become bored easily, do not seem to listen, and struggle with maintaining focused (WebMD). Time management is another thing that people with this type may struggle with. Hyperactivity-Impulsive is another type of ADHD, The least common type of ADHD (John Hopkins Medicine). This type of ADHD shows signs of often interrupting others, and struggling waiting their turn. Talking excessively, not thinking before acting, and struggles staying on task are other definite signs of hyperactivity-impulsive ADHD. With this disorder, People tend to make learning more difficult for themselves and for others, (Healthline). Then there is a combination of both or inattentive-hyperactivity, which according to WebMD is the most common type of ADHD (John Hopkins Medicine). With this type of ADHD, people tend to struggle with studying, details, excessive talking, and losing items often.

Personal Flags Ice Breaker Activity

Flags have a way of making everybody feel good, especially when they’re waving in the breeze. Ask your students to make their own personal flag and present it to the class for this ice breaker. What does their personal flag say to the world? Ideal Size Any size works. Break into small groups if desired. Uses Introductions in the classroom or at a meeting, especially if your gathering is international. Time Needed 30 to 60 minutes. Materials Needed Depending on how elaborate you want to get, and how much time you have, you can have students draw on a regular piece of paper, or you can provide different colored construction paper, scissors, glue, etc. Either way, you’ll need colored markers. Although not necessary, if your topic is history or anything that involves flags of any kind, having examples available would be helpful, and colorful. It’s important to realize, though, that the flags being created are imaginative. The sky’s the limit. Instructions Provide your students with whatever materials you chose, and explain that you would like them to introduce themselves via their own personal flag. They will have 30 minutes (or so) to make their flag. Then ask students to introduce themselves, presenting their flag and explaining the symbolism in it. Debriefing If your topic is one that involves flags or symbolism, ask students to share how they responded to specific flags. What was it about the flag? Color? Shape? Did it elicit a certain feeling? How could this be used to influence?

Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidential contest in 1976...

Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidential contest in 1976 and yet lose to Ronald Reagan only four years later? Carter took the presidency with several issues that needed resolving, such as rising inflation and unemployment, a country disillusioned with the political system and turbulent foreign relations. To determine the reasons why he was successful in 1976 but not in 1980, it is necessary to look at what his successes and failures were, as well as the different situations in 1976 and 1980. While he seemed the perfect antidote to the corrupt ‘Washington scene’ in 1976, he turned out to be perceived as weak and ineffectual in his economic and foreign policies. He also had much stronger competition from Reagan in 1980 than he had from†¦show more content†¦These were conservative people who were disgusted with more liberal policies in favour of abortion, sexual freedom, welfare and equal rights for women, black people and homosexuals. They were desperate for a return to traditional family values, which Reagan promised to bring back. With an estimated 5 million evangelical Christians who had never voted before now voting for Reagan, he was gaining vast numbers of new votes while Carter was losing ones he should have been able to rely upon. Issues with foreign policies under Carter also played a large part in him losing the election in 1980. As well as concerns over him taking in 125,000 refugees from Cuba and equivocating over dealings with the Soviet Union, there was the Iran hostage crisis in 1980. The timing of this was terrible for Carter as it continued throughout the election, and his failed rescue attempt made him appear weak and incompetent. This of course played into Reagan’s hands, as he promised to bring strength and security to the USA, and to return it to it’s superpower status. One of the American population’s major concerns when Carter became president was rapidly rising inflation, as well as rising unemployment. Despite his promises when campaigning for presidency, his legislations did little to help the economic situation, that is if they even made it through Congress. This left many people wondering ‘can Carter cope?’ The rate of inflation had risen even higherShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCharacteristics Model 263 Ethical Dilemma Spitting Mad 264 Case Incident 1 Multitasking: A Good Use of Your Time? 264 Case Incident 2 Bonuses Can Backfire 265 3 9 The Group Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Defining and Classifying Groups 272 Why Do People Form Groups? 272 Stages of Group Development 274 The Five-Stage Model 275 †¢ An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines 276 Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, Cohesiveness, and Diversity 277 Group Property 1: Roles

Dynamic Natural Monopoly Regulation

Question: Discuss about the Dynamic Natural Monopoly Regulation. Answer: Introduction: The subject economics deals with the basic notion of demand and supply. The entire subject with complicated mathematics, theories, decision-making processes deals only with the way in which equilibrium can be restored in the economy by matching these two components, the demand and the supply. The markets can be categorized into several parts. They are: Monopoly, Oligopoly, Oligopolistic, Monopolistic, Perfect competition and Monopsony. In this essay the four most important forms has been described followed by a details understanding of the natural monopoly market. Perfect Competition is the utopian yet ideal situation of market that any consumer wants(Makowski, 2014). In monopolistic market a few seller sells similar type of product and faces little impediment of exit and entry(Nikaido, 2015). Oligopoly market has few sellers who can individually influence the pattern of trade (Weyl Fabinger, 2013). The 4th type is the market of monopoly, a utopian concept. Monopoly market structure This market is characterized by a single seller. The single seller caters to a large number of buyers. It is a utopian situation. As there is absence of other sellers, hence the monopolist has the power to decide upon the price of the service and goods that he caters to the people. From the very basic concept, it can be said that there is impediment to enter the market (Scitovsky, 2013). Costs Benefits of the firm at average cost pricing: The natural monopoly market is now described in details to understand how the benefits of producer and costs of consumers are calculated to form the equilibrium. Natural monopoly is a situation where there is only one seller or producer of the goods (Lim Yurukoglu, 2015). The entry of other producers is debarred due to the lofty cost associated with the establishment of the set up where the goods will be produced. In other words natural monopoly exists for goods which require enormous fixed cost. Natural monopoly is different from pure monopoly in the sense that the in the former one distributing or allowing other company to produce the same good will lead to an enormous cost. In the later, other firms cannot operate as they are debarred from entering the market by the existing firm and its regulations (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). Some important characteristic that makes the market to be a natural monopoly are: Existence of Economies of Scale: The economies of scale imply the situation where there is a fall in the marginal cost of production with an increase in the number of total quantity of output produced. The fixed cost is very high: In any production process there is two types of cost, the fixed and the variable costs. The fixed cost is the burden that the company has to bear even if it does not carry on its production (Simon, 2015). The variable costs are relatively low: In natural monopoly this part of the cost is very low and the number of people taking advantage of the goods and services has negligible power to alter this variable cost. Increasing the number of producer increases the production cost as well as the wastages of the resources involved in production. E.g.: The service provided by the transport sector via railway is cost-effective as there is monopoly. If any other service provider tries to enter the market it has to bear a huge cost in the form of establishing the complex network of infrastructure. At the same time assuming that the number of people taking the service is constant, the consumer gets distributed amongst two service provider and it decreases their revenues. One classic example of natural monopoly market is the railway service which acts as one of the main method of communication and transportation in many countries of the world. Through the above figure, LRAC is the long run average cost curve of the natural monopoly firm. Under monopoly the demand of the firm and average revenue are same and can be depicted by the same downward sloping line. The government of any nation always tries to quote the price of the firm dealing with natural monopoly at the intersecting point of average total cost and demand curve (Hawley, 2015). The reason behind such a step can be highlighted on the basis of the following points: First, the effect on price, quantity produced and dead-weight loss when the monopolist is allowed to decide freely on the service that they provide. Secondly, the ideal situation of price and quantity that the consumer demands differ and the problems associated with the situation has been highlighted. Through the figure above, the situation that may occur if natural monopolists are allowed to work freely has been portrayed. Monopolist always tries to maximize their profits. The situation which helps them to maximize their profit is shown by the intersection of two curves namely the long run marginal cost curve and the curve showing marginal revenue (Stigler Mencken, 2016). If they are allowed to quote their price without any hindrance by the government, then the monopolist will charge a very high price as shown by Pm in the figure. At this high price, very few people will be able to afford the service and hence though there will be need for the service but the demand for the goods and services will be very less. The total quantity of goods produced will be very less as shown by Qm in the figure. This leads to loss of welfare in the society in the form of huge amount of dead-weight loss. The dead-weight loss is shown by the triangle ABC in the figure. On other hand the firm is also benefitted in several ways under this market structure. If they were operating with perfect power in hand they are ideally to produce less quantity. But under natural monopoly as the firm and the higher authority restricts the entry of other firms hence the firms are benefitted. In certain cases the firms are even provided with subsidy by the government as they are forced to provide their service at a lower cost. The people on other hand are benefitted as government intervention helps the price to be lower than they ideally should be. In natural monopoly if every decision is left on the monopolists hand there will be market failure. Hence, there is need to set up some price regulation in the market. In case of natural monopoly usually the government regulates the price by setting a restriction on the upper level that the monopolist may charge for the goods and service he produces. Needs for government regulation The situation when government tries to optimize the situation with respect to the societys perspective has also been shown in the above figure. Consumers always try to get goods and services at the minimum possible cost. In this situation, the consumers want the price to be as low as Ps. That is the consumer wants the price of goods and services at the point where the long run marginal cost intersects the demand curve. At this low price most of the consumer will have the affordability to pay for the services and hence the maximum demand will be generated in the economy. This may seem an ideal situation but the problem that lies in this situation is that the monopolist with their profit making motive will never want to produce at such a low price as it will reduce their profit to negligible point. At this situation the cost of production (LRAC) is greater than the revenue earned by selling the goods and services. The problem of allocative efficiency occurs from this juncture. Allocative efficiency implies the situation where there is a balance between the consumers demand and economys production. Under this situation the price that is average revenue should be equal to marginal cost. But in this scenario the natural monopolist denies to operate and henceforth, the government has to intervene and keep the price at an intermediate position. Hence, the ideal situation of the monopoly market should be something in between the monopolists choice and the consumers choice. This can only be ensured with the help of government intervention. The situation is described by the figure below: As already seen that monopolists price is very high i.e. Pm, whereas ideal price as demanded by society is very low at Ps. The government is responsible to its people for providing proper services and hence it intervenes in this market. It forces the monopolist to keep their price at the point where the total cost curve intersects the demand curve of the consumer. This point is better than the two extreme situations discussed earlier. At this point the monopolist is ready to continue their production as their cost is at least equal to the revenue. On other hand due to the comparatively low price required to pay for the service, many consumer can afford it and get benefitted. The loss of welfare has also been reduced to a great extent. In this case the dead-weight loss of the society is the part shown by triangle EFG. There are very few things that falls under the natural monopoly. In few countries the railway network forms natural monopoly whereas in some other country the industry catering for energy sources forms the monopoly. Recently the industry dealing with fiber optics has started operating in some markets and they enjoy the status of natural monopoly (Minamihashi, 2012). The reason behind considering railway network as natural monopoly is the high cost associated with it. In country like India and Australia the railway network is operated by the government of the respective countries (Nash, 2015). In India, the Ministry of Railways looks after the entire railway network and they are under the control of the Central government. In Australia, the federal government takes care of the entire railway network system through their corporation named as Australian Rail Track Corporation. The reason behind this scenario of mono-operated complex system is that there is huge direct and larger indirec t cost associated with the system. The direct costs are cost of constructing the railway track, assembling them, building the trains, establishing a well established network of communication system, maintenance cost and car sheds for the trains to rest during non-operating hours (Vikharev, 2013). The indirect cost associated with this system of transportation is that of clearing the way through which the tracks were laid, cost associated with relocation of people living in the area where the proposed railway track will pass through, etc. The Australian government in the year 2003 planned to invest around $872 million for building up an inter-state network (Miller, 2016). Now if any other company tries to enter the market they need to go through all these direct and indirect cost before entering into the market. The number of commuters cannot increase over night. As they remain same, hence if two firms operate separately in providing the service then the revenue that the first firm was earning will get distributed. As a result it may so happen that the revenue may get lesser than the cost of operation. Hence, it is better that some services should be provided by single provider only. Conclusion: This essay can be summed up by once again highlighting few points. Monopoly market leads to market failure and hence perfect competition is a utopian yet an ideal situation that can exist. But in certain situation natural monopoly is a preferred market as arrival of competitor leads to increase in the cost of production while decreasing the revenue. At certain times this situation can only be improved by havoc advancement in technology associated with the service. Railway is the common example of natural monopoly in many countries. The reason behind considering railway network as natural monopoly is the high operating cost associated with it. One single service providers can provide large scale of services efficiently with minimum cost of production compared to multiple firms. The essay has highlighted several costs and benefits of price regulation in natural monopoly market. It has been that a single firm can operate in a firm when that firm enjoys economies of scale over a long ran ge of quantity. Entry of more firms in the market can distort the production and allocation efficiency of the market resulting to market failure. Therefore, average cost pricing decision of government seems to be optimal solution from the point of view of society. Bibliography Geng, J. J., J.B., J. Q., Fan, Y. (2014). Geng, J.B., Ji A dynamic analysis on global natural gas trade network. Applied Energy. . Hawley, E. (2015). The New Deal and the problem of monopoly. Princeton University Press. Lavoie, M. (2013). Teaching Post Keynesian Economics, p.12. Lim, C., Yurukoglu, A. (2015). Dynamic natural monopoly regulation: Time inconsistency, moral hazard, and political environments. Makowski, L. (2014). Perfect Competition, the Profit Criterion, and the Organiza-tion of Economic Activity. Journal of Economic Theory. 105-125. Miller, A. (2016). Promoting Economically Efficient Use of, and Investment in, Infrastructure in Australia: The Role of the'Essential Facilities' Regime. Promoting Economically Efficient Use of, and Investment in, Infrastructure in Australia: The Role of. Minamihashi, N. (2012). Min Natural monopoly and distorted competition: evidence from unbundling fiber-optic networks. Nash, C. (2015). The evolving global railway industry. Thr Routledge Companion to Network Industries. 82. Nikaido, H. (2015). Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand. Scitovsky, T. (2013). Welfare Competition. Simon, H. (2015). Prices and Decisions. In Confessions of the Pricing Man . Stigler, G., Mencken, H. (2016). PAM 3170 PAM 5170: Market Regulation and Public Policy. Spring. Stiglitz, J., Rosengard, J. (2015). Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Editin. Vikharev, S. (2013). Mathematical modeling of development and reconciling cooperation programs between natural monopoly and regional authorities. Weyl, E., Fabinger, M. (2013). Weyl, EPass-through as an economic tool: Principles of incidence under imperfect competition. Journal of Political Economy. Journal of Political economy , 528-583.

The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella Essay Example

The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella Essay In Marl Attars An Introduction To Fairy Tales, the principle in her essay that I chose to analyze the story through Is Fairy tales are up close and personal, telling us about he quest for romance and riches, for power and privilege, and, most important, for a way out of the woods back to the safety and security of home (Attar 230). Some of the characters in Cinderella wanted romance, power, riches, or maybe even all three. Some were successful in their quests, and some were not. I will analyze Cinderella in terms of how each of the characters go about gaining their own personal desires. First of all. I will start out with the quests the step-sisters went on for romance and riches. One instance of them on a quest for riches was at the end of the story when hey went to Cinderella wedding to get on her good side. The story states that they were there to share her good fortune (Grimm 245). However, because they were there only to become rich and not because they really cared about Cinderella, the pigeons gave them their karma. We will write a custom essay sample on The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They pecked their eyes out which blinded them, for being deceptive and wicked people. This Is a good example of a quest for riches because this a failed attempt to gain one of their desires. They tried to gain fortune but instead got what they truly deserved which was blindness. In addition to that, the step-sisters also made another quest to gain riches. Because they desperately wanted to be wed to the prince, they cut off parts of their feet to fit In the slipper. I found that this was not only an attempt to gain riches, but also romance. Obviously if you marry a prince you are going to gain fortune. Throughout the story there are multiple times where you can tell that the step-sisters are basically gold- diggers. For example, at the beginning of the story you begin to see that they are very materialistic when they ask their father to bring them pearls, Jewels, and beautiful dresses (241). I think that supports my claim that this Is a quest for riches cause they are described as vile and black of heart (241 If someone Is really of that nature then there is no room for love in their lives. With that being said, I can assume that the step-sisters only wanted to marry him for his fortune. Looking at this in another perspective, it is also a quest for romance. The step- the slipper. It is really astonishing that they literally went to the extent of enduring the pain of cutting off parts of their feet Just to get married. Perhaps they may not have done it for real love, and they may have only wanted to marry him for the wrong reasons UT by giving them the benefit of the doubt this is definitely an example of a quest for romance. Looking at it from a personal view, I would assume that if you go as far as chopping off body parts to marry someone, you must truly love and want to be with that person. In addition, the step-sisters cutting off parts of their feet in order to fit the slipper can also be seen as a quest for power. However, instead of it being the step-sisters quest, it is actually the stepmothers. I mentioned earlier that obviously when you marry a prince, you are going to gain fortune, well that statement also applies to rower. In addition to gaining fortune when you marry into royalty, you also get power. In the story the stepmother is very power-hungry and controlling. In fact, she was even the one that had convinced the step-sisters to cut off parts of their feet in the first place. The stepmother handed one of them a knife and said Cut the toe off; when thou art Queen thou wilt have no more need to go on foot (244). You see, this is a quest for power because the stepmother controlled the step-sisters by making them chop off parts of their feet to fit the slipper. She made the step-sisters o this so one of them could marry the prince, which would benefit her by becoming Queen, hence giving her more power. The stepmother also had another quest of power in the story, which was successfully having control over Cinderella. She controlled her physically, making her work hard from morning till night (241), and until she was completely drained. The stepmother also had control over whether or not Cinderella could go to the festival. She only agreed to let Cinderella go if she did tasks for her that were very tedious and that could not be finished in a set amount of time. However, Cinderella proved her wrong and completed everything on time, but the stepmother still did not let her go regardless of the deal she made. This example supports my opinion that this is a quest for power because the stepmother had control over Cinderella actions. I believe that the stepmother was power-hungry and felt superior to Cinderella especially since she turned her back on her and even said to her that we would be ashamed of thee (242). She knew without a doubt that she had complete power over Cinderella too. In fact, she knew right then and there that when Cinderella begged ere to go, that no matter what, there was no way she would ever let Cinderella go to the festival. The stepmother made Cinderella do those tedious tasks not because she actually considered letting her go, but out of her own spite Just because she knew she had that much control over her, which is why it is an example of a quest of power. Unlike the step-sisters and stepmother, the Prince did not desire riches and power because he already had those; he was on a quest for romance. He was extremely persistent trying to find Cinderella because each night she kept escaping from him. Hat got one of Cinderella slippers stuck on the staircase. The next day when he set out to find the girl whose foot fit the slipper, he arrived where Cinderella resided. Both of the step-sisters were caught falsely impersonating Cinderella, which made him demand that the last remaining daughter, Cinderella, was to be sent down to try the slipper which of course fit perfectly. This is a quest for romance because the Prince stopped at nothing to find Cinderella. He strategists and went through extreme measures of searching to find his true love. He even said to his father that No one else shall be my wife but she whose foot this golden slipper fits (244). By him saying that, you can really tell how much he wanted to be with Cinderella, and that he would not settle for anyone else but her. So far I have described different quests for romance, riches, and power made by some of the characters in the story. But what about the main character herself? I actually found that Cinderella was not on a quest for any of those. I think ultimately, she really Just wanted to be accepted and to be included with her family. However, it is very ironic that even though she was not on a pursuit to gain romance, riches, or rower, she actually got all three in the end. In the beginning of the story, before the father went to the fair, he asked all of the daughters what they wanted him to bring back for them. Of course the step-sisters asked for materialistic items, but Cinderella only asked for the first branch that knocked her fathers hat off on the way home. It seems somewhat odd to ask for a tree branch out of all the things she could have gotten, but surprisingly it turned out to be more valuable than anything else. Because she planted the branch at her mothers grave and sat and cried next to it ACH day, it grew to be a great tree. By doing that, a white bird was always at the tree and every time Cinderella wished for something, the bird would throw down whatever she wished for. It was almost as if she acquired a fairy godmother, but I think it actually was her mother being her guardian angel. I believe that because when her mother was on her deathbed, she said to Cinderella: Dear child, be good and pious, and then the good God will always protect thee, and I will look down on thee from heaven and be near thee (241). By interpreting that quote, I think it is a nit saying that the little bird that was always near Cinderella was her mother being her guardian angel and taking care of her because Cinderella remained a very good person despite the fact that people were not good to her. So the seemingly worthless branch her father brought back for her actually turned out to be a huge blessing to Cinderella. If it was not for her asking for the branch, she would have never gotten her guardian angel that granted her wishes. If her wishes never got granted, she would have never acquired the beautiful dresses to wear to the festival and would have never gotten to meet the prince. It was all fate. I think the story was trying to teach a lesson here by saying that you should always be a good person and to live life the right way, because everything eventually falls into place and some of the best things in life come to you unexpectedly. In conclusion, by looking at the story in this sort of light, there is a lot more to the story than reading about a girl that lives happily ever after with her prince. It can be All of the characters were on a pursuit of romance, riches, or power, except one. But even though Cinderella did not directly go after those desires, she still got everything n the end. You see, some of the characters were very dark at heart, and because of that they did not have successful quests for what they wanted in life because they did not deserve to. The characters that were truly good people got what they wanted and even more, because they actually did deserve it. I think ultimately by looking at the story through this perspective, it changes its meaning by sending out a message that says: you should go about pursuing your dreams and desires in life the right way, because in the end you get what you truly deserve.

Childrens Literature Test 2 Essay Example

Childrens Literature Test 2 Essay Example Childrens Literature Test 2 Paper Childrens Literature Test 2 Paper Essay Topic: Literature What distinguishes picture books from other types of books? The pictures tell just as much story as the words do. Role of illustrations in childrens literature stimulate sensitivity to art and beauty join the text in telling the story rather than the text standing alone What are the criteria for evaluating picture books? text and illustrations should complement each other; should be brief and straight forward; contain few concepts and none beyond comprehension; written in direct and simple style and have illustrations that complement the text Mother Goose serves as an excellent introduction to verse for very young children because They stimulate language development as well as auditory discrimination and listening skills; rhythm, rhyme, repetition of sounds, humor, exaggeration; teach lessons and morals Like Mother Goose rhymes, which were among the first books published for children? Not sure yet- maybe toy books, or concept books In alphabet books specifically designed to teach young children the letters and their sounds, what is particularly important? Have universal terms, things that are most known by one name like apple when learning A, instead of bunny or rabbit when learning B analyzing alphabet books Objects should be easy for children to identify and should not have more than one commonly used name analyzing counting books for preschoolers used to develop one-to-one correspondence and ability to count sequentially from one through ten Concept books are excellent sources of materials for stimulating childrens faster understanding of abstract ideas; help young children learn basic concepts (colors and shapers) In which of the types of picture books do the illustrations tell the whole story? Wordless value of wordless picture books encourage children to develop observational skills, descriptive vocabularies and abilities to create stories criteria to be considered when choosing wordless picture books excellent way of developing oral and written language skills; stimulate creative thinking and enhance visual literacy abilities; allow children from different backgrounds and reading levels to enjoy the same book Considering the attention span of young children, how should plots be developed for picture Storybooks? open with leads (to grab attention), figurative language, make a long story short, repetition of sentences or phrases, understatement (allow readers to make connections instead of the author saying it straight out.) In general, why were traditional literature stories told? To help children understand the rich oral heritage handed down from cultures around the world. characteristics of traditional literature? concentrated action, stock characters, patterned language, elements of fantasy, simple themes of good vs. evil weak overcoming the strong Why are cumulative tales, which sequentially repeat actions, characters, or speeches until a climax is reached, appealing to young children? easy to remember and recite; plots are simple, predictable, and direct with lots of action. The type of folktale that explains why an animal has certain characteristics or why people have certain customs is a pourquoi (why) tale What characterizes fables? Brief tales in which personified animals characters indicate a moral lesson What characterizes myths? Considered truthful by the society in which they are told, happened in the remote past, often associated with theology and ritual Folktales provide an excellent source for making discoveries about people living in earlier times because folktales it shows the theme if universal truths that reflect the values of the times/societies values of traditional literature for children? helps children understand the personal dimension and standards of behavior of a culture and reduces stereotypes; provides children with a framework for the literature, drama, and art they will later encounter; provides entertainment and pleasure; provides strong rhythm, rhyme, and repetition of patterns. A motif in literature is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story The majority of French folktales portrays splendid royal castles rather than humble peasant cottages which types of folktales are dragons, tigers, and cranes recurring elements? Asian Folk tales. (respect ancestors, ethical standards, conflict between nobility and commoners, faithfulness and kindness are rewarded, dragons, tigers, cranes are recurring elements.) What distinguishes legends from myths? Legends: more secular narratives, regarded as true in the society in which they are told, embroider the historical facts of human achievement. Myths: Considered truthful by the society in which they are told, happened in the remote past, often associated with theology and ritual. willing suspension of disbelief in reading fantasy refers to It refers to the readers agreement to accept the impossible and accept the magic as real theme of modern fantasy? Themes of modern fantasy: the importance of personal and social responsibility, battle between good and evil, power of love and friendship. Which author is best known for religious allegories? CS Lewis assonance repetition of vowel sounds onomatopoeia words that sound like the sounds they make alliteration repetition of consonant sounds hyperbole Exaggeration not usually meant to be taken literally What refers to words that imitate the actions or sound with which they are associated? onomatopoeia Word division, line division, punctuation, and capitalization make up the poetic element called shape From The Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler is? E. L. Konigsburg Tuck Everlasting? Natalie Babbitt Bridge to Terabithia? Katherine Patterson What is the most likely reason that so many folktales, even folktales of different origins, have the same types of themes and recurring actions? values, morals What theme best characterizes mythical quests and conflicts? Modern Fantasy

Andre Kertesz, Oskar Schlemmer and Herbert Bayer photo analysis Essay

Andre Kertesz, Oskar Schlemmer and Herbert Bayer photo analysis - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of photos by Andre Kertesz, Oskar Schlemmer, Herbert Bayer" explores works of famous photographers such as Andre Kertesz, Oskar Schlemmer, Herbert Bayer. The Bayer's work was of seemingly a bloodless cement-like portion that’s broken away. The artist’s self-portrait as both amputee dispenses and classical sculpture with the view of the unitary self or considered to take a stand against the unrealistic Aryan body obtained in Nazi art or mass culture in the mid-1930s. The era in history of this particular picture is of the uneasy political climate and in one way or another affected the way in which artists such Herbert Bayer approached the human body. For instance, Herbert Bayer turned to Photomontage for subversive political impacts seen. To oppose psychic hygiene of the Fascist propaganda tool and the corporeal perfection, the artist uniquely created hybrid anatomies of arrangements that were animate, but just ambivalently so. Das Triadische Ballett popularly known as holds a preeminent place in the totality of Oskar Schlemmer’s work. Oskar Schlemmer based his prototypical figures on the discoveries and deeper understanding accumulated during the undertaking and conception of the figurines for the ballet. Through keen analysis the work is based on symphonic dance. What is more interesting is how the artist conceived the three dancers— two males and one female. The artistic work correlates with surrealist’s ideology that seeks to demolish contemporary society rules.

Critically evaluate the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas in Essay

Critically evaluate the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas in contributing to global warming - Essay Example Carbon dioxide has internal vibrational modes since it has more than two atoms per molecule thus can absorb and radiate heat thus leading to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide also can stay in the atmosphere for many years unlike water vapor thus acts as a controlling factor of the earth’s surface temperatures (Houghton 2004). Carbon dioxide and global warming Natural gases including oil and coal in automobile engines will raise the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Pepper, Gerba and Brusseau 2006). Farming practices such use of nitrous oxide and deforestation also contributes to emission of carbon dioxide (Maslin 2002). Generally, the sun releases sunlight and heat to the earth’s surface but only 70 percent of the sunlight manages to reach the earth’s surface (Oxlade 2003). The sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere through infrared radiation but the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reflects back the heat to the earth’s surface thus lea ding to global warming (Farrar 2008). Some of the longer wavelengths will be absorbed by the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide thus warming up the atmosphere (Oxlade 2003). The carbon dioxide will act like a mirror by reflecting back to the earth heat energy thus would otherwise be lost in the atmosphere thus leading to global warming. ... The absorption of heat depends on the spectral location (wavelength), the strength and also the shape of each particular line. Suppose the absorption line is an inverted bell-shaped line, the amplitude of the curve or the depth will be determined by the strength of the absorption line and amount of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere (Oxlade 2003). Negative effects of global warming One of the negative impacts of global warming is melting of the polar ice caps that will lead to rise in sea levels. According to Snow data, the absolute melting of all glaciers would raise the sea levels by 230 feet (Farrar 2008). The desalination of the seas will distort the currents that control the sea temperature. The glaciers are white in colour and usually reflect some sunlight thus cooling the earth’s surface. The melting of the ices will also endanger the habitants of some special species thus leading to their extinction (Colls 2004). The increase in global warming will contribute to intense droughts and heat waves especially in dry areas such as Africa (Farrar 2008). Global warming will also lead to warmer seas thus leading to disasters like strong hurricanes that can lead to lose of lives and property especially in coastline areas (Wang, Pereira and Hung 2004). Increase in the warming will lead to migration of insects thus leading to spread of diseases by the disease carrying insects especially in Northern countries (Williams 2002). The species in arctic areas, mountains and tropical seas will migrate thus spreading diseases (Farrar 2008). The United Kingdom reduced the six greenhouse gases covered by Kyoto protocol by 549.3 million tones of carbon dioxide in 2011. Carbon dioxide alone accounted for 84 percent of the UK greenhouse emissions in 2010. The carbon

Pablo Picasso Essay Example for Free

Pablo Picasso Essay Pablo Picasso is one Ð ¾f the most prominent and inspiring artists Ð ¾f the 20th century. He produced work in painting, sculpture, prints, murals, and ceramics; regardless Ð ¾f the medium, he was always in demand. During the year 1937, Picasso agreed to paint the centerpiece for The Spanish Pavilion Ð ¾f the 1937 Worlds Fair. For months Picasso was searching for inspiration for the mural, distracted by his sullen mood and dissatisfaction Ð ¾f his work, he continued to put it off. This came to an end on April 28, 1937. In less than two months, Picasso had created Guernica, modern arts most powerful antiwar statement. To fully appreciate the intensity and power Ð ¾f Guernica, it is imperative to understand the story that precedes it. The attack on Guernica was planned on a Monday, market day in the village; most Ð ¾f the population would be out in town. Church bells began to ring, warning Ð ¾f the approaching aircraft. Germanys best-equipped bombers fired more than one hundred thousand pounds Ð ¾f high explosive bombs onto the village Ð ¾f Guernica. People began to scurry into shelters only to find out that the shelters were not strong enough to withstand the powerful bombing that lasted three hours. Entire families were burned or buried in the ruins Ð ¾f the village, along with their cattle and sheep. When the fires subsided, three days later, the center Ð ¾f Guernica had been completely destroyed. The Basque government estimated that 1654 people had died and another 889 were injured during the air raid. However, the government was never able to establish an exact count, soon after the attack, nationalist forces overran Guernica. Soon after news Ð ¾f the bombing reached Paris, Picasso began his work on the mural, which would be called Guernica. Standing eleven and a half feet tall by almost twenty-six feet wide, the oil painting on an unbleached canvas is done in monochromatic harmony, using only values in the gray scale. The painting is full Ð ¾f symbolism, however, Picasso never committed to a specific explanation, leaving interpretation up to the viewer. The speculations as to the exact meanings are numerous and varied, however, it is obvious that the universal theme in Guernica, is the horrors Ð ¾f war and the massacre Ð ¾f innocent people. Towards the left Ð ¾f the painting there is a woman, screaming as she holds the body Ð ¾f an injured or possibly dead child. In front Ð ¾f her lays a lifeless soldier, a broken knife in his hand, above him a horse that has been speared in the side. On the far right there is a woman screaming in pain as she is stuck in a burning house. There is also a bull head in the upper left hand corner, that has been interpreted in many ways, for example, some people see it as a representation Ð ¾f Spain and Spanish values and culture, some believe it represents the victory Ð ¾f the Nazis, some go as far to suggest that the bull is Picasso himself, helplessly looking over the bloody massacre. A light bulb was added at the top Ð ¾f the painting above the head Ð ¾f the horse, some suggest that it was added to shed light on the atrocities Ð ¾f war; others believe it represented the bombs that were dropped that day. Picasso didnt try to recreate the war on canvas; there is no town, no airplanes, and no explosions. However, Guernica is a protest to the brutalities Ð ¾f war. Because Picasso chose to keep his meanings Ð ¾f the symbolism personal, he lets the viewer develop their own ideas and meanings. While Picasso didnt comment much on the symbolism he did reiterate on the paintings obvious anti-war statement: My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a struggle against reaction and the death Ð ¾f art. In the picture that I am painting which I shall call Guernica I am expressing my horror Ð ¾f the military caste which is now plundering Spain into an ocean Ð ¾f misery and death Pablo Picasso. Picasso has painted the images Ð ¾f the faces in such a way that they seem to reach out and scream for help, they know that they are about to die. His work on Guernica challenges our idea and notion that war is an act Ð ¾f heroism and shows it for what it truly is a brutal act Ð ¾f self- destruction. In 1973, Pablo Picasso died at the age Ð ¾f 92. On the anniversary Ð ¾f his birth, October 25, 1981, Guernica returned to Picassos native soil. It is now showcased at The Riena Sofia, Spains national museum Ð ¾f modern art. Works Cited Fernande Olivier, Pablo Picasso, and Ramon Rentevos picture. http://www. madrid. org/museopicasso/PicassoyArias/galeria/Gpicasso01. htm Getlein, Mark. Living With Art. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2002. Penrose, Roland. The Sculpture Ð ¾f Picasso. New York Museum Ð ¾f Modern Art (1967) First edition. 232p. 260 illustrations

A Raisin in the Sun Character Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry has many interesting characters. In my opinion, the most fascinating character is Ruth because of her many emotions and captivating personality. She goes through extreme emotions in the play such as happiness, sadness, anger, stress, and confusion. Ruth is very independent, firm, kind, witty, and loving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ruth has an intriguing personality. She is very loving towards her family. She will do all in her power to improve the lifestyle of her family. When it appears that the deal for the house in Clybourne Park will fall through, she promises to dedicate all of her time to make the investment work. â€Å"Lena-I’ll work†¦ I’ll work 20 hours a day in all the kitchens in Chicago†¦I’ll strap my baby on my back if I have to and scrub all the floors and wash all the sheets in America if I have to-but we have to MOVE!† she pleads to her mother-in-law (Hansberry140). Her plan is unrealistic and idealistic, but the well being of her family is more important to her than anything. Ruth is also witty and sarcastic at times. She cracks jokes to lighten the mood of her family when they’re worried. â€Å"Well that’s the way the cracker crumbles. Joke. (121)† When Beneatha and Mama are stressing over the neighborhood they are moving into, Ruth makes a witty joke to improve the mood. Ruth supervises the daily routine and well being of her family. She makes sure that everyone does what they are supposed to and stays on track. ...

The Pepsi Generation

Nancy Perry The Pepsi Generation MKTG305-01 Marketing Management Unit 4 Individual Project October 30, 2011 Abstract It takes many years to build a brand name. Pepsi is no exception. This paper discuses what Pepsi means in today’s market and how it has evolved over time. It also discusses the evolution of Pepsi’s target market and their competition. Celebrity endorsements can sell products and this paper discuses Pepsi’s endorsers as well as their competitions. The Pepsi Generation Introduction Pepsi Cola has been around since the 1893. Invented by pharmacist Caleb Bradham, Pepsi was originally named â€Å"Brad’s drink†, it was renamed Pepsi Cola about ten years later (Bellis, n. d. ). The Brand in Today’s Market Pepsi is found everywhere. It is known by everyone. What started out as a drink designed to be enjoyed and to help in digestion has turned into a conglomerate that encompasses so much of our lives, our vocabulary and so many products that we see in our pantries. Today the Pepsi brand more than just a soft drink. It is also breakfast, juices, teas, side dishes, snacks, cereals and oatmeal’s, energy drinks, and even water (Brands, 2011). Pepsi products are found in grocery stores, convenience stores, discount retail stores, and restaurants. The Pepsi logo is found on everything from children’s toys to racecars and is a recognizable symbol all over the world. The Brand’s Evolution Pepsi has come a long way since its creation in Caleb Bradhams kitchen. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923 and was later purchased by the Loft Candy Company who tried to sell it to Coca Cola. Pepsi’s first jingle was broadcast across the nation in 1940 (Bellis, n. d. ). in 1966 Pepsi is sold in Japan and Eastern Europe for the first time. In 1970, sales exceed the $1 billion mark with 36,000 employees (Our History, n. d. ). the 1980’s saw Pepsi become the largest beverage company in the world with more than 300,000 employees (Our History, n. d. ). By 1990, Pepsi had acquired Frito-Lay, Gamesa, Smarfood, Kentucky Fried Chicken, 7Up, and many other enterprises (Our History, n. d. ). The Brand’s Target Market: Today and Yesterday In the early years of Pepsi, the target market was limited to the customers who frequented Bradham’s Pharmacy in New Bern. Sometime around 1910, Pepsi started an ad campaign featuring women and celebrities (Caleb Bradham (1867-1934), 2011). This was a very successful move on Mr. Bradham’s part. Women have always been the deciding force behind household purchases, and celebrities grab the attention of the consumer. Pepsi’s target market today is geared for a younger crowd. The celebrities that are employed to be in today’s commercials are well known to the younger generation. Of course, commercials are not the only way Pepsi attracts young people. Pepsi sponsors concerts for musicians that are popular with young people. They provide scholarships, arrange educational trips, they give away items like bicycles, cd players t-shirts, and concert tickets (Pepsi Market Targeting, 2010). Positioning Of Competitors Pepsi’s biggest competitor is Coca Cola. Positioning by distribution would not help Coca Cola since Pepsi is found virtually everywhere Coca Cola is found. Price positioning also would not help Coca Cola because their prices are about the same as Pepsi. Benefit positioning is a good way for Coca Cola to position itself in the minds of consumers but Pepsi has one thing going for it that Coca Cola does not: Pepsi has food products in its list of goods and Coca Cola does not. Target positioning is Coca Cola’s strongest method. They target the same young people that Pepsi does, the 15-25 year old range (Target Market of Coca Cola, 2010). Coca Cola targets upper lower and lower class students and family oriented people with busy life styles who are fun loving and who loves entertainment. They are looking for people who are part of the mobile generation who are on the go and enjoy listening to music and watching television (Target Market of Coca Cola, 2010). Coca Cola and Pepsi and similar products but they do have their differences. Advertising reinforces these differences, which can affect sales and pricing. Advertising also protects the brands from their competition. However, there is a downside; an increase in competitive advertising can have an undesirable effect on the overall sales of each of the brands (Linton, 2011). The Celebrity Face of the Brand: The Fit and the Target In 1984, advertising history was made as Michael Jackson and his brothers appear in Pepsi commercials. Other celebrities like Lionel Richie, Tina Turner and Michael J. Fox soon followed in Pepsi commercials (Our History, n. d. ). Rap singer MC Hammer and Ray Charles appeared in commercials in 1991. All of the celebrity endorsers for Pepsi were chosen to reach a specific target market. Britney Spears and Beyonce were chosen to reach the younger generation just as Michael Jackson was some twenty years earlier. Ray Charles was chosen to reach older consumers who grew up in the ‘50’s and ‘60’s. Other Possible Endorsers for the Brand Pepsi has done a good job keeping up with the times, utilizing the celebrity status of the most popular and well-known people to sell their product. According to TV Guide, the three most popular celebrities are Jennifer Lopez, Kim Kardashian, and Mariah Carey. All three have appeared in Pepsi Commercials. Natalie Portman, Hilary Duff, and Zooey Deschanel have never endorsed Pepsi and would reach their target audience. Hilary Duff is a good choice because of her association with the Disney Channel. Young girls look up to her and young boys think she is pretty. Natalie Portman, whose fame skyrocketed with the release of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, would also make an excellent choice for Pepsi commercials. Zooey Deschanel is appealing to young people because she is an actress, a musician, a singer and a songwriter. The Competitors’ Endorsers Paris Hilton, LeBron James, and Christina Aguilera have all endorsed Coca Cola. However, Coca Cola tends to choose more athletic endorsers, like speed skater Apolo Ohno, and Olympic hockey player Angela Ruggiero (Coca-Cola's Olympic endorsers, 2011). Coca Cola looks for more active athletic people, who are in good, physical condition. Perhaps because they want Coca Cola to be associated with a healthy lifestyle. They do have healthier alternatives than Coca Cola itself like juices and teas. Conclusion It is common knowledge that celebrities affect brand positioning. Advertising reinforces the brands image and helps to protect it in the brand’s market share from their competitors (Linton, 2011). References Bellis, M. (n. d. ). The History of Pepsi Cola. Retrieved October 28, 2011, from About. com: http://inventors. about. om/library/inventors/blpepsi. htm Brands. (2011). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from PepsiCo: http://www. pepsico. com/Brands. html Caleb Bradham (1867-1934). (2011). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from North Carolina History Project: http://www. northcarolinahistory. org/encyclopedia/113/entry Coca-Cola's Olympic endorsers. (2011). Retrieved October 30, 2011, from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution: http://proje cts. ajc. com/gallery/view/business/020510coke_athletes/ Linton, I. (2011, June 06). Does Advertising Affect Brand Management? Retrieved October 30, 2011, from eHow Money: http://www. ehow. om/info_8548285_advertising-affect-brand-management. html Our History. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from PepsiCo: http://www. pepsico. com/Company/Our-History. html Pepsi Market Targeting. (2010, January 13). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from About. com: http://inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blpepsi. htm Target Market of Coca Cola. (2010, June 14). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from Zimbio: http://www. zimbio. com/Coca-Cola/articles/AQ1BESn41bA/Target+Market+of+Coca+Cola TV Guide Most Popular Celebrities. (2011). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from TV Guide: http://www. tvguide. com/top-celebrities

Toy Manufactures Has Enforced The Belief Of Children Essay

Toy manufactures has enforced the belief that children should play with toys that correspond with their genders, while never feeling guilty because they value business greater than children. At early ages children begin to develop a sense of their gender, preferences, and play style. Gender socialization appears to begin at infancy, where a newborn baby girls receive their pink outfits and little boys receive their blue outfits. By about 24 months they begin to define themselves as â€Å"girls† or â€Å"boys† (Freeman, 2007). The problem with the toy industry is that they value business greater than the children’s needs, following societies and parent’s demands for what is proper for children to play with based on their genders. This affects children because they are vulnerable and absorb everything during their early playing ages. By the age of five they are apt to have rigid definitions of how girls and boys should behave (Freeman, 2007). As long as chil dren are around, the toy agency will never die out, as they need to create toys and games for children to create imaginations and dreams. Stating that the toy industry is one problem with gender socialization in society, however it is not the only one affecting the gender roles and children’s interest in toys. Gender role socialization takes place in the microsystems of family, peer group, school, community and media (Oncu Ulnuer, 2012). Gender socialization also happens in advertisements and stores. This will be looked at inShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis: Mattel and Toy Safety Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis: Mattel and Toy Safety Introduction Mattel Corporation is the largest toy company in the world, a publicly traded organization with a market capitalization of over $6.5 billion, employing approximately 36,000 people worldwide in 42 countries. Their products are sold in 150 nations (mattel.com). 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The hottest months are July and August when average maximum temperatures reach above 40  Ã‚ °C on the coastal Plain. Average minimum temperatures in January and February are betweenRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 PagesThe Seven Emirates vary greatly in size. Abu Dhabi represents 85% of the land, and the smallest Emirate is Ajman. Each Emirate is named after its capital city, and Abu Dhabi city is the permanent capital of the nation. B- Climate The UAE generally has a dry climate with very high temperature and humidity in the summer. The hottest months are July and August when average maximum temperatures reach above 40  Ã‚ °C on the coastal Plain. Average minimum temperatures in January and February are between